VIVAnews - 97 years ago today, on 14 January 1911, Ir. Djuanda Kartawidjaja, former Indonesia's prime minister, was born.
Djuanda was the eleventh and the last prime minister of Indonesia. He was appointed prime minister by President Soekarno on 9 April 1957 after Ali Sastroamidjojo, former prime minister, returned his mandate to the president. During Djuanda's administration, Indonesia faced many grave troubles, including regional separatism, inter-elites conflict, and dispute over foreign-owned businesses in Indonesia.
Regionalism became prominent in Indonesia during the 1950s as more powers were taken away from the local elites by the central government. To tackle regional separatism, Soekarno imposed martial law and reintroduced press censorship. Soekarno, who was unhappy with the parliamentary system, tried to introduce a new system called “Guided Democracy” which gave him more power.
The failure of the Constitutional Assembly to propose a new constitution became the pretext for Soekarno to reestablish the 1945 Constitution through a presidential decree dated 5 July 1959. The decree gave legal authority to Soekarno to dissolve the parliament and formed a provisional parliament (MPR Sementara). Most of these parliament members were selected by Soekarno, thus removing potential conflicts between the government and the parliament.
Since all powers now rested with Soekarno, four days later, Djuanda's cabinet was dismissed and Soekarno formed a new cabinet and he became its president as well as its prime minister. Djuanda was appointed finance minister while Soebandrio became deputy prime minister. Despite the chaos, while still holding the office of prime minister, Djuanda succeeded in proclaiming the “Djuanda Declaration” which stressed that the Indonesian seas, including its surrounding areas, and all other seas between and within the Indonesian archipelago were an integral part of Indonesia.
To commemorate his struggle, an airport in Surabaya was named after his name. His name is also used as street names in many cities in Indonesia.
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